"Cuba: The Capital of 21st Century Communism" report by the U.S. Department of State
United States Department of State
The U.S. Department of State has released a 100-page report accusing Cuba of orchestrating a decades-long campaign of espionage, ideological influence and support for far-left militant organizations in the United States and across the Western Hemisphere.
Titled "Cuba: The Capital of 21st Century Communism", the report argues that Havana has relied on intelligence operations, proxy networks and political organizing rather than conventional military power to challenge U.S. interests.
WASHINGTON, DC - JULY 16: U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau (L) shakes hands with Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent after opening remarks at the Ministerial on the Resurgence of Political Terrorism at the State Department on July 16, 2026 in Washington, DC. Bessent spoke alongside U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio and White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller as they discussed the rise of far-left political terrorism as a transnational threat.
Photo by Finn Gomez/Getty Images
According to the report, Cuba trained and armed left-wing guerrilla movements throughout Latin America while cultivating relationships with U.S. activist organizations and militant groups beginning in the 1960s.
It also alleges that Havana provided operational support, training or refuge to organizations including the Weather Underground, the Black Panther movement and Puerto Rican militant groups such as the Armed Forces of National Liberation (FALN) and the Macheteros, citing declassified intelligence documents, congressional testimony and historical reporting.
The study also contends that Cuba developed one of the most significant foreign intelligence networks ever uncovered in the United States. It cites past espionage cases involving Cuban agents who infiltrated U.S. government institutions, including the State Department, the Pentagon and the National Security Council, and argues that intelligence gathering became a central pillar of Cuban foreign policy.
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A central argument of the document is that Cuba helped reshape the international left by promoting what it describes as a form of Marxism centered on anti-imperialism, decolonization and the Global South, ideentifying the 1966 Tricontinental Conference in Havana as a turning point that brought together hundreds of revolutionary organizations from Africa, Asia and Latin America.
The conference allegedly helped establish Cuba as the ideological hub of what it calls the "New Left" and expanded the country's influence beyond traditional communist movements.
The document concludes that Cuba's influence has outlasted the Cold War through networks of activists, political organizations and international partnerships that it says continue to shape left-wing movements today.
Fidel Castro poster in Havana
AFP / YAMIL LAGE
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Tags: Cuba, Cuban, Communism, State Department